ACS "Express. Availability of tickets and seats on Mzha asu express trains

JSC "RUSSIAN RAILROADS"

AUTOMATED CONTROL SYSTEM FOR PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION "EXPRESS-3"

IMPLEMENTATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FOR SALES AND ACCOUNTING OF ELECTRONIC TICKETS USING THE INTERNET (STAGE I)

TECHNOLOGY

011.24323.08350.378.MR

1. BASIS FOR DEVELOPMENT

The basis for the development of the 1st stage of technology for the sale and accounting of electronic tickets using the Internet for long-distance trains and fast commuter trains with the provision of seats is:
- Order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia “On establishing the form of an electronic travel document (ticket) for railway transport” dated August 31, 2011 N 228.
- Schedule for implementation of information technology for sales and accounting of electronic tickets, approved by Vice-President of JSC Russian Railways M.P. Akulov November 24, 2011 N 327.
- The concept of issuing an electronic ticket for long-distance trains, approved by the vice-president of JSC Russian Railways M.P. Akulov December 30, 2011 N 384.

2. GENERAL PROVISIONS

The purpose of creating electronic ticket information technology based on the Express-3 automated control system is to increase the level of passenger service, improve the quality of organizing the sale of electronic tickets for long-distance trains and fast commuter trains with the provision of seats, and increase the efficiency of the sale of railway passenger transportation services.
The order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation dated August 31, 2011 N 228 “On establishing the form of an electronic travel document (ticket) for railway transport”, which came into force, allows you to change the process of selling electronic tickets in terms of:
- organizing the issuance of travel documents using various sales channels (including at ticket offices, through web resources, TTS, payment terminals, mobile devices, etc.), including the unification of the applied technical and software solutions;
- organizing the return of electronic tickets;
- accounting systems for funds from the sale of electronic tickets;
- organizing the boarding of passengers on the train;
- trip information systems.
The introduction of technology will allow:
- expand the technological process of selling services for the transportation of passengers by rail using modern information technologies for issuing electronic tickets using the Internet;
- keep track of funds from the sale of electronic tickets at the time of issuing an electronic ticket.

3. PURPOSE

This technology determines the procedure for selling and accounting for electronic tickets using the Internet based on the Express-3 automated control system.
Technology describes:
- the process of issuing electronic tickets using the Internet;
- the process of generating and issuing to customers a set of control coupons for electronic tickets and control coupons with a 2D bar code applied to them (boarding coupons) intended for organizing passenger boarding on the train;
- the process of returning electronic tickets in the personal account of the web portal on which the electronic ticket was issued;
- the process of issuing boarding passes on existing equipment using existing types of strict reporting forms designed to organize the boarding of a passenger on a train;
- the process of returning electronic tickets at ticket offices;
- the process of accounting for funds from the sale of electronic tickets at the time the client pays for the order;
- the process of generating financial statements for passenger transportation;
- the process of generating reports on the financial results of companies;
- the process of generating data for statistical reporting on passenger transportation;
- the process of forming specialized registers for transferring funds by payment systems;
- the process of obtaining reference information about the status of an electronic ticket;
- the process of organizing passenger boarding on the train;
- the process of generating a list of electronic tickets.

If email service is available. registration for trains running between Russia and Latvia, Russia and Belarus, Russia and Ukraine, registration of boarding passes at ticket offices and self-service terminals is not carried out less than 1 hour before the train departs from the initial station of the route.

Issuance of cash-free electronic tickets for the travel of children under 5 years of age without occupying a separate seat, accompanied by adults, from stations located on the territory of Ukraine, not produced on the site. ATTENTION! From March 1, 2015, a passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation and a birth certificate are no longer valid for entry, transit, stay and movement within the territory of Ukraine; a foreign passport is required.

If the checkpoint has not been completed or is not possible, then you must obtain a boarding pass on a form at ticket offices or self-service terminals of Russian Railways JSC. ONLY in the Russian Federation.

Dear passengers! Before traveling on an international route, we ask you to carefully study the passport, administrative (including visa) and customs rules both for yourself and for your hand luggage and baggage. The carrier does not have the right to control compliance with these rules and is not responsible for failure to comply with these rules by passengers. For detailed information on the procedure for crossing the borders of the Russian Federation and foreign countries, we recommend that you contact the migration, border or customs authorities of the country of destination and each of the countries of passage located along the train route.

The choice of seats on trains on the Finland – Russia route is temporarily unavailable when issuing an electronic ticket from Finland.
If you don’t see any trains, uncheck “Only with tickets” and click the “Schedule” button.
To see the cost of a trip, you must select one of the proposed train options, then specify the carriage and seat and enter the passenger’s personal data. After this, the ticket price and other additional data will be displayed.

Purchasing electronic tickets for commuter trains without specifying seats is currently only possible for trains following the routes of the Yaroslavl direction: Moscow - Pushkino - Bolshevo and the Sochi region: Sochi - Rosa Khutor - Tuapse - Imereti resort - Sochi Airport - Lazarevskaya.

The ticket price includes the cost of the ferry crossing.

For detailed information, see the section “Communication with Crimea”

Trains marked with the "Excellent payment" icon have a deferred payment service.

If a price range is indicated for the selected carriage, then the cost varies depending on the type of seat (upper side - upper - lower), and for Lux and SV carriages of the Strizh train - depending on the number of passengers in the compartment (1 or 2).

The fare on Sapsan trains, on Lastochka trains numbered 700 by the DOSS carrier (Russian Railways OJSC), as well as on trains with the "DC" badge, changes automatically depending on demand and the date of departure and is not a public offer.

Information on the application of special tariffs (Senior, Junior, road map).

Before issuing travel documents, at the stage of filling out the data, make sure that you have selected the required tariff plan!

For technical reasons, at the stage of entering passenger data, the maximum fare for the selected class of service on Sapsan trains departing from July 23, 2018 is displayed.
At the "Passenger details and payment" step, a seat is reserved and the actual fare is displayed.

Message about the impossibility of selling to a destination via the Internet - only at the checkout (PST_FUNC_NO_INET_SALE)

45 46 47 48 49 ..

Automated system "Express"

ACS "Express" is used to improve the quality of passenger service and provides for the availability of the necessary technical and organizational means:

Equipment for ticket offices (terminals);

Reference and information support (cells, shelves);

Switching and communication equipment (power supply, display, keyboard, printing device, telephone for communication between the cashier and technical staff), ensuring the exchange of data between the computer of the computing complex and the equipment of ticket offices and reference information equipment.

In addition to terminal equipment, cash desks are equipped with special cells for strict reporting forms and reference and information material:

An alphabetical index of all railway stations with seven-digit network markings;

Books of timetables for passenger trains;

Regulatory acts on the transportation of passengers.

The technical kit, or terminal (TM), is built on the basis

An eight-bit microprocessor with an addressable memory capacity of 64 KB.

Distinctive features of TM: low weight and small dimensions, ease of maintenance, high reliable characteristics. TM easily adapts to various conditions of use when making changes to user programs and the contents of a storage device (ROM). The minimum composition of a TM: control unit, keyboard, display.

The control unit ensures the functioning of the TM in a given mode, including the collection of information, its editing, transmission and corresponding processing via communication channels, control of information processing, organization of transmission to the computer (automatically) of the corresponding message in the event of a malfunction of the TM. The volume of messages transmitted from the TM to the computer can reach 290 characters per minute.

The TM keyboard is assembled on magnetoresistive non-contact keys. It includes a coding unit on integrated circuits. The keys do not have mechanical locking, so the speed of the keyboard is practically unlimited. The keyboard is designed for the operator to type the necessary information in Latin or Russian register, edit the typed text, and select the operating mode of the TM.

The display is designed to display information typed on the keyboard or received from the communication channel. The information volume of the screen is 256 characters (one page), the number of pages in messages is set by the program. The diagonal size of the screen is 28 cm, the number of lines is 9 (eight informational and one service), characters per line are 32. The maximum system response contains two pages.

Depending on the scope of application of a TM, its composition also changes. Thus, a TM, which has the minimum required composition, is intended for help desk agents to work on it.
The terminal models currently in use are listed below.

Model A - connection to the minimum required composition of the printing device. Designed to perform ticket and cash operations and related work, as well as work on processing transportation documents.

Model B - additionally has a printing device, a device for entering information from punched paper tape and outputting information to punched paper tape. It is used for the work of dispatchers who collect requests by telephone, employees of the technological groups of the computer center (for the targeted entry or cancellation of individual seats and cars on certain trains and routes; for the preparation and entry of operational changes into the reference and information fund of the system) and other purposes.

Model B - additionally has a printing device and a wall display.

Used to organize the operation of information and reference devices.

Can also be used to perform ticketing and cash register operations, like Model A.

Model G- serves to form a group subscriber point that connects a group of TM models A, B or C to one communication channel. In this case, the G model itself performs the functions of a central control device and is a switching device.

The printing device included in the terminal equipment must provide information output onto roll tape and forms of various formats, including travel document forms.

The need to print strict reporting forms determines strict requirements for the printing device: ensuring barcode printing, the ability to obtain copies of travel documents, eliminating the possibility of forgery and unauthorized access to the device.

The tasks solved by the Express ACS are divided into two groups.

The first group includes tasks related to mass passenger service in real time. For these

The data in the computer complex determines, based on requests from cashiers, the availability of empty seats on trains;

automatic calculation of fares; generation of information for printing travel documents with the transfer of this information to the terminal - the source of the order; preparation and issuance of various legal information upon relevant requests from terminals; performing return and cancellation operations; financial activities of cashiers.

The second group includes tasks related to the distribution of revenues for the transportation of passengers between roads and states and the issuance of statistical and financial reporting forms for passenger transportation.

ACS "Express" provides the necessary automation of ticket and cash operations. It includes a complex of economic-mathematical, organizational and administrative methods that provide solutions to many problems. First of all, this is the direct execution of ticket and cash desk operations in real time in the process of mass passenger service:

Automatic registration of all required types of travel documents at ticket offices, including at ticket offices located at a considerable distance (up to 10 thousand km) from the center of the system;

Calculating the cost of passenger travel and collecting a commission for the advance sale of travel documents from any railway station, including other countries, and for return travel;

Current accounting of the use of seats on trains and the issuance of operational reports to cashiers on the travel documents they sold (by the number of forms and amounts of money received);

Determining, at the request of cashiers, the availability of free seats on long-distance trains;

Return of travel documents in case of passengers refusal to travel;

Registration of group requests for passenger travel;

Cancellation of seats and cost of damaged travel documents or in case of passengers refusal to travel;

Current sale of travel documents at ticket offices located along the train route;

Issuance of necessary certificates to railway personnel on the progress of use and availability of seats on trains, on the operation of individual ticket offices and technical equipment at points of sale;

Re-issuance of travel documents;

Passenger insurance;

Registration of all types of work, incoming requests and responses to them in the system archives;

Introduction of new and temporary closure of existing cash desks, as well as prompt changes in permitted types of work and reservations for certain cash desks;

Protection of information on travel documents from possible financial abuse;

Operational input and output of information about trains using service terminals and using them to change the number of cars in trains, their types, train layouts, etc.;

Transition of the system's computing complex to various emergency operating modes (depending on the occurrence of a particular situation) with printing of the necessary information.

Solving problems that ensure obtaining results for various forms of statistical reporting is also important:

Distribution of income between railways for the transportation of passengers;

Accounting for the distribution of dispatched passengers by destination areas and traffic intensity, by road sections, transit roads, distance zones, station departures, etc.

Real-time tasks are performed through the system's terminal devices. The functions of the system are implemented using appropriate types of work. Each type of work has its own two-digit digital number. The total number of types of work can reach 99. The content of each type of work is presented in the classifier of types of work (02.06.5805-80RP-KL).

For each type of work, the procedure for typing information on the terminal keyboard is defined, presented in the Instructions for the work of ticket cashiers and operators on ticket cash equipment (terminals) of the Express system (02.06.5814-82TI).

Accounting and statistical reporting tasks are performed on a backup computer in the system that processes the order archive.

Each terminal has its own technological number, in which:

The first two digits are the serial number of the point of sale along the road (from 01 to 99);

Then - the alphabetic code of the road;

The next two digits are the serial number of the terminal at the point of sale (from 01 to 99).

Example: 05010: 05 - point of sale (Moskovsky railway station in St. Petersburg);

O - Oktyabrskaya road; 10 - TM serial number.

The technological number is used when receiving all certificates.

Kosyrkin Evgeniy

1. History of the development of the Express system in railway transport.

2. General characteristics of the “Passenger Transportation Management” subsystem.

3. Stages of development of AS for passenger transportation.

4. Main tasks and stages of development of the Express-3 system.

5. Technical indicators of the Express-3 automated control system.

6. Technical means of the Express-3 system.

7. Information support for the Express-3 system.

8. Technological support for the Express-3 system.

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Ministry of Education of the Republic of Mordovia

State budgetary educational institution

Republic of Mordovia secondary vocational education

(secondary specialized educational institution)

"Ruzaevsky railway industrial

College named after A.P. Baykuzova"

COURSE WORK

by discipline

Information and communication technologies in professional activities

Automated control system "Express-3" Speciality ________

Train station attendantHead of Coursework

teacher Rozhkova S.V.

Grade__________________________________________________

Ruzaevka 2011.

1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….3
2. History of the development of the “Express” system in railway transport.…………………………………………...…………………..4
3. General characteristics of the “Passenger Transportation Management” subsystem..…………………………………………………………………………………7
4. Stages of development of AS passenger transportation………………………..…9
5. Main tasks and stages of development of the Express-3 system…….13
6. Technical indicators of the ACS "Express-3"………………..………...17
7. Technical means of the Express-3 system………………………...18
8. Information support of the Express-3 system……………...19

Technological support for the Express-3 system..………………21

Conclusion…………………………………………...……………………24

List of references………………………………………………………...25

The need to informatize passenger transportation management today stems, first of all, from the implementation of a new economic policy in railway transport based on a marketing strategy focused on the commercial efficiency of transport products. At the same time, the main goal must be achieved - ensuring the sustainable functioning of railways in the market of transport services for the transportation of passengers. In these conditions, the operational management of passenger transportation acquires important economic importance, since the reduction of operating costs for transportation and the receipt of additional income from them depends on its quality and efficiency.

To improve the quality of passenger transportation, improve the culture of service, use the capacity of passenger cars, increase productivity and improve the working conditions of ticket cashiers, an automated system "Express" was created, operating in real time.

"Express" was developed as a standard system intended for complex automation of ticket and cash desk operations for any operating areas of the railway network. It is a distributed computer network for collective use, including several thousand ticket offices (terminals) and a number of computer centers.

ACS "Express" allows you to perform a wide range of services, such as selling tickets for any train, pre-booking seats, issuing travel tickets with transfers, issuing travel documents "there" and "back", etc.

History of the development of the Express system in railway transport

The first domestic system that fully automates all ticket and cash desk operations began operating in 1972 at the Moscow railway junction. It was called "Zkspress-1" and was intended for mass passenger service in real time. It also became the first system for the collective use of electronic computers (computers) in railway transport in real time. The main goal of creating the Express-1 system was to gain experience in automating the management of ticket and cash operations on the scale of such a large railway hub as Moscow, serving up to 250 thousand passengers per day on direct and local trains. Initially, the system served the Kiev direction of the Moscow railway hub, and then began to serve all other directions of the hub using 580 automated ticket offices connected to the system.
This greatly facilitated the cashier’s work and relieved the tension with which he worked. Firstly, there was no longer a need to calculate the cost of travel and fill out travel document forms, secondly, there was no longer a need to prepare a long report on the documents sold, and thirdly, there was no longer a need to memorize information about places transmitted to him by the dispatcher. Thus, the work of a ticket cashier in the new conditions was reduced to the work of an operator working at the console.
The automated ticket sales management system "Zksprees-2" was a development of the Express-1 system.
It was created as a standard one for the railway network and is intended for complex automation of ticket and cash desk operations at any dedicated area of ​​the network. The first Express-2 system began operating at the Moscow railway junction in 1982. It was developed on the basis of the accumulated 10-year experience in operating the Express-1 system and is, like the first system, a collective use system for mass service of passengers in real life. time scale. It is a man-machine system, which includes a set of administrative technological, software and hardware tools aimed at significantly improving the organization of passenger transportation and the culture of their service.
If the "Express-1" system was intended for complex automation of ticket and cash desk operations at large railway junctions, then the "Zkspress-2" automated control system manages the sale of tickets and passenger transportation on the scale of regions (polygons) allocated to the railway network. The network region served by one Express-2 automated control system may include the territory of one or more railways. This is their main difference, although most of the principles of order processing are common.

The efficiency of the Express-2 automated control system is mainly determined by three indicators: reducing the time spent by passengers on purchasing tickets; improving the use of seats on passenger trains; improving service for passengers traveling with transfers and purchasing tickets for a return train. The Express-2 ACS system is designed for round-the-clock operation with a availability factor of at least 0.99, which corresponds to 99% useful working time.
To manage the technological processes of organizing the sale of tickets through the Express-2 automated control system, special technological departments, bureaus and groups were created at the ECC, road departments and Ministry of Railways departments. The technological departments of the ECC monitored the implementation of the technological process in the Express-2 automated control system, adjusted information arrays when switching to a new day and when changing schedules, opening and closing ticket offices, introducing various modes into the operation of the system, establishing appropriate types of work at the ticket offices, solving various problems related to the operation of the system, and developing on their basis the necessary recommendations for the management of roads and the Ministry of Railways. Technology groups at the railway departments and the Ministry of Railways, through remote terminal devices, automatically receive the necessary information from the Express-2 automated control systems operating on the network (information about passenger transportation, the operation of ticket offices, ticket sales points, the use of rolling stock, the needs of passengers, system recommendations and etc.) and prepare appropriate orders on its basis, including international transportation.

Through ACS and Express-2" automated all processes for managing the sale of tickets taking into account transit trains, including the distribution of the norm of seats, the sale of seats both at the train formation station and along the train route, the sale of seats through the telephone ordering bureau, registration of direct reserved seat and group requests for etc. In the Express-2 automated control system, tickets are issued both for free sale and according to reservation numbers. Each reservation number from the general bank of seats is allocated a certain number of seats, which can be changed depending on the progress of the current sale. All numbers. armor are identical for any Express-2 automated control system on the road network. Armor can be applied to the entire car and to individual seats.
By the mid-1990s, the computers used in Express-2 ES could no longer meet modern requirements. The development of computer technology and the Internet set the railway workers the task of modernizing the Express computer network. This problem was successfully solved, and since 2002 Express-3 began to appear on the railways.

General characteristics of the “Passenger Transportation Management” subsystem

An automated control system for passenger transportation (ASU-L) in railway transport means a system that is based on computer technology and modern economic-mathematical and automated technological processes into a single whole, and in the future - to increase the pace of automation of technological functions.

Information technologies for the main technological processes of the passenger service should be developed in relation to the corresponding Express-3 subsystem. Such subsystems should be:

1. Automated subsystem of “Ticket and cash operations”.
2. Automated information and reference subsystem “ECASIS”.
3. Automated subsystem of normative and reference information “SCHEDULE”.
4. Automated subsystem of financial, statistical accounting and mutual settlements for passenger transportation “EFIS”.
5. Automated baggage management subsystem “ESUBR”.
6. Automated subsystem for managing a fleet of passenger cars “ASU PV”.
7. Automated subsystem “SERVICE”.

Automated subsystem for regulating passenger transportation “ASU-L”.

Ticket sales management is an important part of organizing passenger transportation.

Such forms of service as issuing travel documents from another station of the network, for a return trip, with advance reservation of seats and orders by telephone with delivery to your home or place of work are widespread.

Information support for the ASU-L subsystem is created for the road and network levels. The road level of operation involves the collection, storage, and processing of information in the head EC “Express-2” for trains of “their” formation.

For the network management level, information arrays are formed in the regional Express-2 computer center, then, based on machine-to-machine requests, they are transferred to the Express-2 computer center of the Moscow Railway. and to the upper level of management (TsL MPS).

The functional structure of the ASU-L subsystem includes a complex of economic-mathematical, technological, and organizational methods that provide solutions to the problems of operational regulation and long-term planning of passenger transportation.

In the conditions of transition to the market, the need arose to manage the economic results of work. Issues of operational and long-term planning must be resolved on the basis of the economic interests of the industry. Unfortunately, the loss rate of passenger transportation in recent years continues to remain at a high level, amounting to an average of 67% across the network. This is due to a number of reasons, one of which is the unsatisfactory use of rolling stock capacity.

Stages of development of AS passenger transportation

Russian Railways created their first experimental electronic seat reservation system, Express-1, in 1972. Then, in 1982, a standard system for the Express-2 railway network was created. The accumulated experience in the creation of these systems and their operation has shown that these systems make it possible to automate all the main technological processes of the passenger economy and ultimately create a mechanism for the operational management of passenger transportation on the railways by creating so-called automated dispatch centers as part of the Express systems control (ADCU) on each road and in the Ministry of Railways.

On Russian Railways today there are 14 interacting Express-2 systems that serve 18 Russian Railways. In total, there are 27 systems in operation in the CIS and Baltic countries. In terms of passenger service volumes and the number of operating systems, Russian railways are not inferior to the 13 operating systems in Western Europe.

In functional terms, the Express-2 system is ahead of the development of railway systems in Western Europe. Such functions include: management of baggage and cargo transportation, operation and repair of a fleet of passenger cars.

In technical terms, the existing Express-2 systems are built on domestic computers of the ES-1045 and ES-1046 series, as well as on used foreign computers (computers such as IBM-4831 and Comparex) that have already exhausted their ten-year service life. In this regard, the transition to more modern and more powerful foreign computers such as IBM-9672 is an urgent task today. However, they operate on a completely different architecture, which creates a number of problems in transferring existing systems to the new architecture of the OS-390 operating system.

The creation of the Express-3 system based on modern computers will make it possible to complete the complete automation of all technological processes in the passenger sector, which will allow:

1. Promptly manage the use of rolling passenger stock with flexible changes in tariffs, increasing the population by 10-15% based on the automation of marketing research.
2. To improve the culture of passenger service at intermediate stations along the train route by taking into account specific seat numbers along the entire train route during its movement and providing a wide variety of services. At the same time, additional income from 5 to 25 billion rubles can be received for each train. per year, and the provision of services through the Express-3 system at train stations, stations, points of sale and through service centers will increase road revenues to 200-300 billion rubles. in year.
3. To create, in accordance with the decision of the Board of the Ministry of Railways No. 36 dated December 23, 1995, clause 3.5, automated dispatch centers for passenger transportation control (ADCU) on the roads and in the Ministry of Railways, providing marketing analysis of the passenger transportation market and branded transport services for passengers.
4. Complete the full automation of all major technological processes, including management of baggage and cargo transportation, information and information services for passengers, management of operation and repair of the passenger car fleet, operational planning and forecasting.

In general, additional income from the implementation of Express-3 could amount to about 1 trillion. rub. per year, and the cost of equipping all roads in the network with new IBM-9672 computers will amount to no more than 0.25 trillion. rubles The operating costs of these computers will be significantly lower than existing ones, especially in terms of electricity consumption (5 times).

As part of the ongoing informatization program in railway transport, it is planned to develop information technologies for the Express-3 system, which would ensure automation of passenger transportation management. The place of the Express-3 system in the functional structure of informatization of the Russian railways is shown in the attached Figure 1.

Rice. 1 ACS “Express-3” in the functional structure of informatization of railways of the Russian Federation

MANAGEMENT APPARATUS OF MPS AND ROADS

System “Express-3”

Selling tickets in all types of messages

Passenger transportation Freight transportation E

Economy

EKASIS passenger information and reference services

SFTO

Finance

Baggage and cargo transportation ESUBR

DISPARK

Material resources

EDTSU

Train work

Local

Job

Operation of ASU-LOK locomotives

Operation and repair of the ASU-PV passenger car fleet

Capital construction

Financial and statistical accounting of passengers. transportation system EFIS

Personnel

Social sphere

ACS of linear enterprises

APCS

System

SCHEDULE

Passenger service

ADCU transportation planning and management

ACS of linear enterprises

Infrastructure

Other industry-wide systems

Main tasks and stages of development of the Express - 3 system

It is no longer possible to completely solve the problem of railway automation on the basis of outdated technical means of the Express-2 automated control system, which cannot develop the required productivity today. In this regard, it is necessary to transition to a new, more powerful automated control system “Express-3” in order to have an automated mechanism for managing passenger transportation, which would enable management to quickly and effectively respond to all changes occurring in the process of passenger transportation, taking into account market factors.

In the new economic conditions of railway transport, focused on the commercial efficiency of transport products and on the informatization of management based on a marketing strategy, the passenger sector already requires an operational mechanism for managing passenger transportation, which would ensure automatic collection, processing and issuance in the form of recommendations to the command staff of roads throughout necessary information for making decisions on management, reducing costs and generating additional income.

The main basis for such a management mechanism was electronic seat reservation systems on our and foreign railways. This is because these systems:

1. work in real time with a large number of subscribers covering the entire territory of the railways;
2. make it possible to concentrate the primary processing of all basic initial information about the transportation of passengers and their requirements;
3. provide the opportunity to flexibly develop their functions in the direction of automating a wide variety of technological processes in the passenger economy, turning into multifunctional systems;
4. make it possible to concentrate all the most important threads of centralized management of passenger transportation through a developed computer network covering the territories of all roads, and thereby create automated passenger transportation control centers and passenger service centers on the roads and in the Ministry of Railways of the Russian Federation.

In this regard, the trend in the development of electronic reservation systems on our and foreign roads is intensively progressing in the widest areas of the passenger economy in order to achieve maximum efficiency of its operation. These main areas are:

1. sale of tickets in all types of communications (domestic, interstate, international and suburban);
2. reference and information services for passengers;
3. operation and repair of a fleet of passenger cars;
4. passenger services, including travel on other modes of transport on mixed trips (bus, sea, river, air);
5. economics and financial accounting for passenger transportation, including mutual settlements between roads, control of income and expenses;

In functional terms, the new system should become not so much a ticket sales system, but rather a management system for all the main technological processes of the passenger economy, including:

Ticket and cash transactions related to the registration and accounting of travel documents in domestic, suburban, interstate and international communications;

Passenger reference and information services;

management of baggage and cargo transportation;

Operation and repair of a fleet of passenger cars;

Passenger service, including travel on other modes of transport on mixed trips (bus, sea, river, air);

Economics and financial accounting for passenger transportation, including mutual settlements between roads, control of income and expenses;

1. management of passenger transportation as a whole across the network and separately along the roads using automated control centers.

Main stages of development of the Express-3 system:

At the first stage, technical means will be replaced with new ones using the existing Express-2 programs.

At the second stage, the accumulated archive of the system will be transferred to the new database management system.

At the third stage, application programs will be transferred to the OS-390 operating system.

The transition from the Express-2 to Express-3 system will be gradual and it will be necessary to operate these systems together for a long time. The duration of this period will depend on the ability to purchase expensive new equipment not only from Russian Railways, but also on the roads of the CIS and Baltic states.

The introduction of the Express-3 system on the roads will be carried out in stages so as not to disrupt the continuous service of passengers through Express-2. At the first stage, it is planned to replace the old Express-2 computers, which have exhausted their 12-year service life, with new IBM-9672. Gorkovskaya is the first road that has already reached this stage. The second stage will be the creation of a transition database from “Express-2” to “Express-3”. At the third stage, application programs for servicing orders “Express-2” will be replaced with “Express-3”. All work on the implementation of the Express-3 automated control system network on roads, according to the informatization program, must be completed by 2005. By this year, there will be a complete replacement of “Express-2” with “Express-3” on all roads. However, there will be a period of time until 2005 when “Express-2” and “Express-3” will work together on the network at various stages of their development, which will depend on the readiness of the roads to replace system equipment and the transition to working with new information technologies .

If the “Express-2” system made it possible to solve the problem of automating technological processes in the field of ticket sales and accounting on the roads of the network, then the development of the “Express-3” system should solve the problem of automating all the main technological processes of the passenger economy and ultimately create a mechanism on the roads management of passenger transportation, which will allow:

1. quickly manage passenger rolling stock, increasing the population by 10-15%.

Technical indicators of the Express-3 automated control system

General technical indicators of the Express-3 automated control system, which apply to all systems installed on the roads of the CIS and Baltic countries, are given in Table 1.

Table 1.

No.	Index	Magnitude
	Reliability of VK operation	99,98 - 99,99 %
	Exchange protocols: For communication with terminals To communicate with systems	IBM-3270 (BSC-3)X-25, SDLC IBM-2780 (BSC-1)X-25, SDLC, X-75
	System response time	No more than 5 seconds. in 95% of cases
	Duration of work	Around the clock, non-stop
	Power supply	Uninterrupted over multiple feeders
	Reservation period	63 days according to UIC-918. Possibly up to a year
	VK operating system	OS/390
	Computer VK	IBM-9672, R2, R3, R4, R5
	DBMS	DB-2
	VK architecture	Multiprocessor platform

Technical means of the "Express -3" system

All microprocessors of the Express-3 automated control system represent a single computing complex of the system, controlled from one console (remote).

The terminal equipment of the Express-3 ACS will include both the old Express-2 ACS terminals operating under the BSC-3 protocol, and new ones that will be able to operate under two protocols: the old BSC-3 and the new X-25. The number of terminals will expand significantly due to their installation at suburban ticket offices, as well as the connection of PCs, which will perform various functions not directly related to the sale of travel documents.

Terminals installed in suburban areas must have a special printing device and allow, by analogy with long-distance transportation, to automate all financial and statistical accounting, including accounting for hourly suburban passenger traffic. In addition, flexible centralized operational management from the Express-3 automated control system will be created for suburban tariffs by day of the week and month.

The transition from the Express-2 automated control system to the Express-3 automated control system can be carried out in stages as roads acquire new technical equipment.

It is necessary to purchase IBM-9672 equipment and work on it at the first stage with the old TKS operating system. At subsequent stages, the TKS OS will be replaced by OS/390.

Improving the information technology of these subsystems of the Express-3 ACS should be built on a new base of computer hardware such as IBM-9672 and a new software operating system OS-390 using database management systems (DBMS) such as DB-2, ORACL, ADABAS. At the same time, the computer memory capacity should be significantly expanded in comparison with the existing Express-2 systems.

Information support of the system

“Express -3”

The concept of informatization of railway transport, approved by the Board of the Ministry of Railways of the Russian Federation in February 1996, provides for the formation of an information environment to ensure the functioning of new information technologies.

The basis of the Information Environment will be the database system for managing the transportation process and its component - the database for managing passenger transportation. The core of the passenger transportation management database is the database necessary for the operation of the “Express-3” system for managing the reservation of seats and the sale of railway tickets.

The designed system places mutually exclusive requirements on the database:

High performance when quickly executing multiple requests in real time;

Universal data structure (relational model), suitable for reference and analytical work;

Constantly updated data reflecting the current state of passenger transportation management;

The ability to run a number of analytical queries on the same captured data state for subsequent comparison of results.

From the general theory of data processing, a solution is known that allows satisfying all of the above requirements. It is necessary to organize two databases of different technological and information specialization:

1. OLTP (Online Transaction Processing) - a database for quickly processing information and maintaining a state as close as possible to the current one;
2. OLAP (Online Analazer Processing) - a database for reference and analytical services with data of a certain fixed state.

In addition to the two listed main databases, for example, an Archive Database can be organized - a database for historical storage of generations of data states and organizing their retrieval for subsequent processing.

When using two (more) technologically specialized databases in the system, an additional problem arises of updating the state of the OLAP database with the data of changes made in the OLTP database over a certain period - data migration. During migration, the data structure must be converted from ad hoc to relational. A well-developed system of interfaces makes it possible to migrate data even between databases supported by different DBMSs.

The main information objects of the seat reservation and ticket sales system are:

Train (route, schedule, number of seats to be sold);

Flight (sale of a train on a specific departure date, which notes the condition of the seats offered for sale);

Travel document;

Application for transportation;

A station that boards and disembarks passengers and sells tickets;

Terminal (cashier) selling tickets.

Technologicalsystem provision

“Express -3”

The most significant technological differences between the Express-3 system and the existing one will be the sale of tickets along the route of the train with numbering of seats and the storage in a database accessible online of all travel documents issued over the past 6 months.

The technological process of information processing in the system includes:

preparing initial information and entering it into the computer complex;

automatic processing of orders received from consumers;

issuance of the document “Cashier’s Report”;

statistical reports and analytical data.

The initial information enters the system after printing the travel document and contains the following indicators: date and time of train departure, departure station and destination station, train number, car number and type, seat number, date and time of issue of the travel document, number of the ticket office and terminal issuing travel document, ticket price (rubles, kopecks), number of people, type of document, passport details of the passenger.

To serve the customer, the cashier provides communication through terminal equipment via a data transmission multiplexer (MTD) with a message management program. The request is accepted by the program for forming a queue and recording applications. The application is recorded on a magnetic disk and formed into a package of applications. The communication program monitors the message and processes the package of applications. Changes as a result of executing a request (application) are entered into the main database and the database duplicate, which allows you to maintain the same state of the databases and avoid operational errors. The order processing flowchart is shown in Figure 2. In the event of a malfunction, the operator, through the console, accesses online communication with the system operator to correct the problem.

In online mode, the system allows you to obtain information about the dynamics of changes in the population of trains along the route in forward and reverse directions, as well as the degree of utilization of the capacity of various types of cars.

The functioning of the “population” system involves solving problems of four groups:

1. Accumulation, processing, formation of final results on the use of wagon capacity and their storage in the Express VC;
2. Transfer of information about the population of cars to a PC;
3. Realization of human - machine dialogue;
4. Creation of a data bank (chronicle) about the operation of rolling stock at the network and road levels.

Human-machine dialogue provides:

1. entering an operating mode indication from the screen;
2. printing, if necessary, the output results on a printing device in the form of tables of the established form;
3. appeal to the chronicle;

adjustment of information fields of the “chronicle”.

Rice. 2. Order processing scheme in the Express-2 system

RAM change funds

Terminals

MTD

Request Message management program

Communication program

Main Database

Main Database Change Files

Operator console

Application queue

Database duplicate

Operator communication with Express

Queue formation program

Technological challenges

Maintaining Database Status

Answer

In the Express-2 system, information about travel documents is stored only in the general archive of the system and is not available online.

The general strategy in the field of informatization of the passenger economy is the development of the functions of existing Express-2 systems from the level of ticket sales to the level of managing passenger transportation as a whole across the network with a phased transfer of roads to new modern technical means of the Express-3 system.

Conclusion

Today, on Russian railways there are 15 interacting Express systems, which serve 17 railway lines. In terms of its capabilities, the Express system is not inferior to modern reservation systems operating on the railways of Western Europe and Asia, and in a number of functions it surpasses them. The Express-3 system in its completed form is an independent software package and database for managing passenger transportation, closely linked with other components of the unified information system of railway transport. The most significant differences of the Express-3 system in terms of seat reservations and ticket sales are implementation of the sale of tickets along the route of the train with numbering of seats and storage of seats and all travel documents issued over the last six months in a database accessible online.

It is precisely these two points that make it possible to take both the management of passenger transportation and passenger service to a qualitatively new level. Taking into account the numbering of seats for each section of the train will increase the flexibility of ticket pricing and eliminate many artificial concepts such as “stencil thread” and “first-level stations.” Thanks to the availability of information on all travel documents sold, economic and management analysis will be possible based on any criteria, as well as a more flexible and accurate distribution of income between railway transport departments.

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If email service is available. registration for trains running between Russia and Latvia, Russia and Belarus, Russia and Ukraine, registration of boarding passes at ticket offices and self-service terminals is not carried out less than 1 hour before the train departs from the initial station of the route.

Issuance of cash-free electronic tickets for the travel of children under 5 years of age without occupying a separate seat, accompanied by adults, from stations located on the territory of Ukraine, not produced on the site. ATTENTION! From March 1, 2015, a passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation and a birth certificate are no longer valid for entry, transit, stay and movement within the territory of Ukraine; a foreign passport is required.

If the checkpoint has not been completed or is not possible, then you must obtain a boarding pass on a form at ticket offices or self-service terminals of Russian Railways JSC. ONLY in the Russian Federation.

Dear passengers! Before traveling on an international route, we ask you to carefully study the passport, administrative (including visa) and customs rules both for yourself and for your hand luggage and baggage. The carrier does not have the right to control compliance with these rules and is not responsible for failure to comply with these rules by passengers. For detailed information on the procedure for crossing the borders of the Russian Federation and foreign countries, we recommend that you contact the migration, border or customs authorities of the country of destination and each of the countries of passage located along the train route.

The choice of seats on trains on the Finland – Russia route is temporarily unavailable when issuing an electronic ticket from Finland.
If you don’t see any trains, uncheck “Only with tickets” and click the “Schedule” button.
To see the cost of a trip, you must select one of the proposed train options, then specify the carriage and seat and enter the passenger’s personal data. After this, the ticket price and other additional data will be displayed.

Purchasing electronic tickets for commuter trains without specifying seats is currently only possible for trains following the routes of the Yaroslavl direction: Moscow - Pushkino - Bolshevo and the Sochi region: Sochi - Rosa Khutor - Tuapse - Imereti resort - Sochi Airport - Lazarevskaya.

• from populated areas of Crimea from 4 to 24 hours;
• to populated areas of Crimea from 30 minutes to 24 hours.

“Single tickets” to Crimea and back are issued at the next transfer time from train to bus:

• from populated areas of Crimea from 4 to 24 hours;
• to populated areas of Crimea from 30 minutes to 24 hours.

Trains marked with the "Excellent payment" icon have a deferred payment service.

If a price range is indicated for the selected carriage, then the cost varies depending on the type of seat (upper side - upper - lower), and for Lux and SV carriages of the Strizh train - depending on the number of passengers in the compartment (1 or 2).

The fare on Sapsan trains, on Lastochka trains numbered 700 by the DOSS carrier (Russian Railways OJSC), as well as on trains with the "DC" badge, changes automatically depending on demand and the date of departure and is not a public offer.

Information on the application of special tariffs (Senior, Junior, road map).

Before issuing travel documents, at the stage of filling out the data, make sure that you have selected the required tariff plan!

At the "Passenger details and payment" step, a seat is reserved and the actual fare is displayed.